class.orm.php

<?php
/*********************************************************************
    class.orm.php

    Simple ORM (Object Relational Mapper) for PHP5 based on Django's ORM,
    except that complex filter operations are not supported. The ORM simply
    supports ANDed filter operations without any GROUP BY support.

    Jared Hancock <jared@osticket.com>
    Copyright (c)  2006-2013 osTicket
    http://www.osticket.com

    Released under the GNU General Public License WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
    See LICENSE.TXT for details.

    vim: expandtab sw=4 ts=4 sts=4:
**********************************************************************/

class VerySimpleModel {
    static $meta = array(
        'table' => false,
        'ordering' => false,
        'pk' => false
    );

    var $ht;
    var $dirty;
    var $__new__ = false;

    function __construct($row) {
        $this->ht = $row;
        $this->__setupForeignLists();
        $this->dirty = array();
    }

    function get($field) {
        return $this->ht[$field];
    }
    function __get($field) {
        if (array_key_exists($field, $this->ht))
            return $this->ht[$field];
        elseif (isset(static::$meta['joins'][$field])) {
            // TODO: Support instrumented lists and such
            $j = static::$meta['joins'][$field];
            $class = $j['fkey'][0];
            $v = $this->ht[$field] = $class::lookup($this->ht[$j['local']]);
            return $v;
        }
    }

    function set($field, $value) {
        // Update of foreign-key by assignment to model instance
        if (isset(static::$meta['joins'][$field])) {
            $j = static::$meta['joins'][$field];
            // XXX: Ensure $value instanceof $j['fkey'][0]
            if ($value->__new__)
                $value->save();
            // Capture the object under the object's field name
            $this->ht[$field] = $value;
            // Capture the foreign key id value
            $field = $j['local'];
            $value = $value->{$j['fkey'][1]};
            // Fall through to the standard logic below
        }
        // XXX: Fully support or die if updating pk
        // XXX: The contents of $this->dirty should be the value after the
        // previous fetch or save. For instance, if the value is changed more
        // than once, the original value should be preserved in the dirty list
        // on the second edit.
        $old = isset($this->ht[$field]) ? $this->ht[$field] : null;
        if ($old != $value) {
            $this->dirty[$field] = $old;
            $this->ht[$field] = $value;
        }
    }
    function __set($field, $value) {
        return $this->set($field, $value);
    }

    function setAll($props) {
        foreach ($props as $field=>$value)
            $this->set($field, $value);
    }

    function __setupForeignLists() {
        // Construct related lists
        if (isset(static::$meta['joins'])) {
            foreach (static::$meta['joins'] as $name => $j) {
                if (isset($j['list']) && $j['list']) {
                    $fkey = $j['fkey'];
                    $this->{$name} = new InstrumentedList(
                        // Send Model, Foriegn-Field, Local-Id
                        array($fkey[0], $fkey[1], $this->{$j['local']})
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    static function _inspect() {
        if (!static::$meta['table'])
            throw new OrmConfigurationError(
                'Model does not define meta.table', get_called_class());

        // Break down foreign-key metadata
        foreach (static::$meta['joins'] as $field => &$j) {
            if (isset($j['reverse'])) {
                list($model, $key) = explode('.', $j['reverse']);
                $info = $model::$meta['joins'][$key];
                $constraint = array();
                foreach ($info['constraint'] as $foreign => $local) {
                    list(,$field) = explode('.', $local);
                    $constraint[$field] = "$model.$foreign";
                }
                $j['constraint'] = $constraint;
                $j['list'] = true;
            }
            // XXX: Make this better (ie. composite keys)
            $keys = array_keys($j['constraint']);
            $foreign = $j['constraint'][$keys[0]];
            $j['fkey'] = explode('.', $foreign);
            $j['local'] = $keys[0];
        }
    }

    static function objects() {
        return new QuerySet(get_called_class());
    }

    static function lookup($criteria) {
        if (!is_array($criteria))
            // Model::lookup(1), where >1< is the pk value
            $criteria = array(static::$meta['pk'][0] => $criteria);
        $list = static::objects()->filter($criteria)->limit(1);
        // TODO: Throw error if more than one result from database
        return $list[0];
    }

    function delete($pk=false) {
        $table = static::$meta['table'];
        $sql = 'DELETE FROM '.$table;

        if (!$pk) $pk = static::$meta['pk'];
        if (!is_array($pk)) $pk=array($pk);

        foreach ($pk as $p)
            $filter[] = $p.' = '.db_input($this->get($p));
        $sql .= ' WHERE '.implode(' AND ', $filter).' LIMIT 1';
        return db_affected_rows(db_query($sql)) == 1;
    }

    function save($refetch=false) {
        $pk = static::$meta['pk'];
        if (!$this->isValid())
            return false;
        if (!is_array($pk)) $pk=array($pk);
        if ($this->__new__)
            $sql = 'INSERT INTO '.static::$meta['table'];
        else
            $sql = 'UPDATE '.static::$meta['table'];
        $filter = $fields = array();
        if (count($this->dirty) === 0)
            return;
        foreach ($this->dirty as $field=>$old)
            if ($this->__new__ or !in_array($field, $pk))
                if (@get_class($this->get($field)) == 'SqlFunction')
                    $fields[] = $field.' = '.$this->get($field)->toSql();
                else
                    $fields[] = $field.' = '.db_input($this->get($field));
        foreach ($pk as $p)
            $filter[] = $p.' = '.db_input($this->get($p));
        $sql .= ' SET '.implode(', ', $fields);
        if (!$this->__new__) {
            $sql .= ' WHERE '.implode(' AND ', $filter);
            $sql .= ' LIMIT 1';
        }
        if (db_affected_rows(db_query($sql)) != 1) {
            throw new Exception(db_error());
            return false;
        }
        if ($this->__new__) {
            if (count($pk) == 1)
                $this->ht[$pk[0]] = db_insert_id();
            $this->__new__ = false;
            // Setup lists again
            $this->__setupForeignLists();
        }
        # Refetch row from database
        # XXX: Too much voodoo
        if ($refetch) {
            # XXX: Support composite PK
            $criteria = array($pk[0] => $this->get($pk[0]));
            $self = static::lookup($criteria);
            $this->ht = $self->ht;
        }
        $this->dirty = array();
        return $this->get($pk[0]);
    }

    static function create($ht=false) {
        if (!$ht) $ht=array();
        $class = get_called_class();
        $i = new $class(array());
        $i->__new__ = true;
        foreach ($ht as $field=>$value)
            if (!is_array($value))
                $i->set($field, $value);
        return $i;
    }

    /**
     * isValid
     *
     * Validates the contents of $this->ht before the model should be
     * committed to the database. This is the validation for the field
     * template -- edited in the admin panel for a form section.
     */
    function isValid() {
        return true;
    }
}

class SqlFunction {
    function SqlFunction($name) {
        $this->func = $name;
        $this->args = array_slice(func_get_args(), 1);
    }

    function toSql() {
        $args = (count($this->args)) ? implode(',', db_input($this->args)) : "";
        return sprintf('%s(%s)', $this->func, $args);
    }
}

class QuerySet implements IteratorAggregate, ArrayAccess {
    var $model;

    var $constraints = array();
    var $exclusions = array();
    var $ordering = array();
    var $limit = false;
    var $offset = 0;
    var $related = array();
    var $values = array();

    var $compiler = 'MySqlCompiler';
    var $iterator = 'ModelInstanceIterator';

    var $params;
    var $query;

    function __construct($model) {
        $this->model = $model;
    }

    function filter() {
        // Multiple arrays passes means OR
        $this->constraints[] = func_get_args();
        return $this;
    }

    function exclude() {
        $this->exclusions[] = func_get_args();
        return $this;
    }

    function order_by() {
        $this->ordering = array_merge($this->ordering, func_get_args());
        return $this;
    }

    function limit($count) {
        $this->limit = $count;
        return $this;
    }

    function offset($at) {
        $this->offset = $at;
        return $this;
    }

    function select_related() {
        $this->related = array_merge($this->related, func_get_args());
        return $this;
    }

    function values() {
        $this->values = func_get_args();
        $this->iterator = 'HashArrayIterator';
        return $this;
    }

    function values_flat() {
        $this->values = func_get_args();
        $this->iterator = 'FlatArrayIterator';
        return $this;
    }

    function all() {
        return $this->getIterator()->asArray();
    }

    function count() {
        $compiler = new $this->compiler();
        return $compiler->compileCount($this);
    }

    function exists() {
        return $this->count() > 0;
    }

    // IteratorAggregate interface
    function getIterator() {
        if (!isset($this->_iterator))
            $this->_iterator = new $this->iterator($this);
        return $this->_iterator;
    }

    // ArrayAccess interface
    function offsetExists($offset) {
        return $this->getIterator()->offsetExists($offset);
    }
    function offsetGet($offset) {
        return $this->getIterator()->offsetGet($offset);
    }
    function offsetUnset($a) {
        throw new Exception('QuerySet is read-only');
    }
    function offsetSet($a, $b) {
        throw new Exception('QuerySet is read-only');
    }

    function __toString() {
        return (string)$this->getQuery();
    }

    function getQuery($options=array()) {
        if (isset($this->query))
            return $this->query;

        // Load defaults from model
        $model = $this->model;
        if (!$this->ordering && isset($model::$meta['ordering']))
            $this->ordering = $model::$meta['ordering'];

        $compiler = new $this->compiler($options);
        $this->query = $compiler->compileSelect($this);

        return $this->query;
    }
}

class ModelInstanceIterator implements Iterator, ArrayAccess {
    var $model;
    var $resource;
    var $cache = array();
    var $position = 0;
    var $queryset;

    function __construct($queryset=false) {
        if ($queryset) {
            $this->model = $queryset->model;
            $this->resource = $queryset->getQuery();
        }
    }

    function buildModel($row) {
        // TODO: Traverse to foreign keys
        return new $this->model($row);
    }

    function fillTo($index) {
        while ($this->resource && $index >= count($this->cache)) {
            if ($row = $this->resource->getArray()) {
                $this->cache[] = $this->buildModel($row);
            } else {
                $this->resource->close();
                $this->resource = null;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    function asArray() {
        $this->fillTo(PHP_INT_MAX);
        return $this->cache;
    }

    // Iterator interface
    function rewind() {
        $this->position = 0;
    }
    function current() {
        $this->fillTo($this->position);
        return $this->cache[$this->position];
    }
    function key() {
        return $this->position;
    }
    function next() {
        $this->position++;
    }
    function valid() {
        $this->fillTo($this->position);
        return count($this->cache) > $this->position;
    }

    // ArrayAccess interface
    function offsetExists($offset) {
        $this->fillTo($offset);
        return $this->position >= $offset;
    }
    function offsetGet($offset) {
        $this->fillTo($offset);
        return $this->cache[$offset];
    }
    function offsetUnset($a) {
        throw new Exception(sprintf('%s is read-only', get_class($this)));
    }
    function offsetSet($a, $b) {
        throw new Exception(sprintf('%s is read-only', get_class($this)));
    }
}

class FlatArrayIterator extends ModelInstanceIterator {
    function __construct($queryset) {
        $this->resource = $queryset->getQuery();
    }
    function fillTo($index) {
        while ($this->resource && $index >= count($this->cache)) {
            if ($row = $this->resource->getRow()) {
                $this->cache += $row;
            } else {
                $this->resource->close();
                $this->resource = null;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

class InstrumentedList extends ModelInstanceIterator {
    var $key;
    var $id;

    function __construct($fkey, $queryset=false) {
        list($model, $this->key, $this->id) = $fkey;
        if (!$queryset)
            $queryset = $model::objects()->filter(array($this->key=>$this->id));
        parent::__construct($queryset);
        if (!$this->id)
            $this->resource = null;
    }

    function add($object) {
        $object->{$this->key} = $this->id;
        $object->save();
        $this->list[] = $object;
    }
    function remove($object) {
        $object->delete();
    }

    function offsetUnset($a) {
        $this->fillTo($a);
        $this->cache[$a]->delete();
    }
    function offsetSet($a, $b) {
        $this->fillTo($a);
        $this->cache[$a]->delete();
        $this->add($b);
    }
}

class SqlCompiler {
    var $options = array();
    var $params = array();
    var $joins = array();
    var $aliases = array();
    var $alias_num = 1;

    static $operators = array(
        'exact' => '%$1s = %$2s'
    );

    function __construct($options=false) {
        if ($options)
            $this->options = array_merge($this->options, $options);
    }

    /**
     * Handles breaking down a field or model search descriptor into the
     * model search path, field, and operator parts. When used in a queryset
     * filter, an expression such as
     *
     * user__email__hostname__contains => 'foobar'
     *
     * would be broken down to search from the root model (passed in,
     * perhaps a ticket) to the user and email models by inspecting the
     * model metadata 'joins' property. The 'constraint' value found there
     * will be used to build the JOIN sql clauses.
     *
     * The 'hostname' will be the field on 'email' model that should be
     * compared in the WHERE clause. The comparison should be made using a
     * 'contains' function, which in MySQL, might be implemented using
     * something like "<lhs> LIKE '%foobar%'"
     *
     * This function will rely heavily on the pushJoin() function which will
     * handle keeping track of joins made previously in the query and
     * therefore prevent multiple joins to the same table for the same
     * reason. (Self joins are still supported).
     *
     * Comparison functions supported by this function are defined for each
     * respective SqlCompiler subclass; however at least these functions
     * should be defined:
     *
     *      function    a__function => b
     *      ----------+------------------------------------------------
     *      exact     | a is exactly equal to b
     *      gt        | a is greater than b
     *      lte       | b is greater than a
     *      lt        | a is less than b
     *      gte       | b is less than a
     *      ----------+------------------------------------------------
     *      contains  | (string) b is contained within a
     *      statswith | (string) first len(b) chars of a are exactly b
     *      endswith  | (string) last len(b) chars of a are exactly b
     *      like      | (string) a matches pattern b
     *      ----------+------------------------------------------------
     *      in        | a is in the list or the nested queryset b
     *      ----------+------------------------------------------------
     *      isnull    | a is null (if b) else a is not null
     *
     * If no comparison function is declared in the field descriptor,
     * 'exact' is assumed.
     */
    function getField($field, $model, $options=array()) {
        $joins = array();

        // Break apart the field descriptor by __ (double-underbars). The
        // first part is assumed to be the root field in the given model.
        // The parts after each of the __ pieces are links to other tables.
        // The last item (after the last __) is allowed to be an operator
        // specifiction.
        $parts = explode('__', $field);
        $operator = static::$operators['exact'];
        if (!isset($options['table'])) {
            $field = array_pop($parts);
            if (array_key_exists($field, static::$operators)) {
                $operator = static::$operators[$field];
                $field = array_pop($parts);
            }
        }

        $path = array();
        $crumb = '';
        $alias = $this->quote($model::$meta['table']);

        // Traverse through the parts and establish joins between the tables
        // if the field is joined to a foreign model
        if (count($parts) && isset($model::$meta['joins'][$parts[0]])) {
            // Call pushJoin for each segment in the join path. A new
            // JOIN fragment will need to be emitted and/or cached
            foreach ($parts as $p) {
                $path[] = $p;
                $tip = implode('__', $path);
                $info = $model::$meta['joins'][$p];
                $alias = $this->pushJoin($crumb, $tip, $model, $info);
                // Roll to foreign model
                foreach ($info['constraint'] as $local => $foreign) {
                    list($model, $f) = explode('.', $foreign);
                    if (class_exists($model))
                        break;
                }
                $crumb = $tip;
            }
        }
        if (isset($options['table']) && $options['table'])
            $field = $alias;
        elseif ($alias)
            $field = $alias.'.'.$this->quote($field);
        else
            $field = $this->quote($field);
        return array($field, $operator);
    }

    /**
     * Uses the compiler-specific `compileJoin` function to compile the join
     * statement fragment, and caches the result in the local $joins list. A
     * new alias is acquired using the `nextAlias` function which will be
     * associated with the join. If the same path is requested again, the
     * algorithm is short-circuited and the originally-assigned table alias
     * is returned immediately.
     */
    function pushJoin($tip, $path, $model, $info) {
        // TODO: Build the join statement fragment and return the table
        // alias. The table alias will be useful where the join is used in
        // the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses

        // If the join already exists for the statement-being-compiled, just
        // return the alias being used.
        if (isset($this->joins[$path]))
            return $this->joins[$path]['alias'];

        // TODO: Support only using aliases if necessary. Use actual table
        // names for everything except oddities like self-joins

        $alias = $this->nextAlias();
        // Keep an association between the table alias and the model. This
        // will make model construction much easier when we have the data
        // and the table alias from the database.
        $this->aliases[$alias] = $model;

        // TODO: Stash joins and join constraints into local ->joins array.
        // This will be useful metadata in the executor to construct the
        // final models for fetching
        // TODO: Always use a table alias. This will further help with
        // coordination between the data returned from the database (where
        // table alias is available) and the corresponding data.
        $this->joins[$path] = array(
            'alias' => $alias,
            'sql'=> $this->compileJoin($tip, $model, $alias, $info),
        );
        return $alias;
    }

    function compileWhere($where, $model) {
        $constrints = array();
        foreach ($where as $constraint) {
            $filter = array();
            foreach ($constraint as $field=>$value) {
                list($field, $op) = $this->getField($field, $model);
                // Allow operators to be callable rather than sprintf
                // strings
                if (is_callable($op))
                    $filter[] = call_user_func($op, $field, $value);
                else
                    $filter[] = sprintf($op, $field, $this->input($value));
            }
            // Multiple constraints here are ANDed together
            $constraints[] = implode(' AND ', $filter);
        }
        // Multiple constrains here are ORed together
        $filter = implode(' OR ', $constraints);
        if (count($constraints) > 1)
            $filter = '(' . $filter . ')';
        return $filter;
    }

    function getParams() {
        return $this->params;
    }

    function getJoins() {
        $sql = '';
        foreach ($this->joins as $j)
            $sql .= $j['sql'];
        return $sql;
    }

    function nextAlias() {
        // Use alias A1-A9,B1-B9,...
        $alias = chr(65 + (int)($this->alias_num / 9)) . $this->alias_num % 9;
        $this->alias_num++;
        return $alias;
    }
}

class DbEngine {

    function __construct($info) {
    }

    function connect() {
    }

    // Gets a compiler compatible with this database engine that can compile
    // and execute a queryset or DML request.
    function getCompiler() {
    }
}

class MySqlCompiler extends SqlCompiler {

    static $operators = array(
        'exact' => '%1$s = %2$s',
        'contains' => array('self', '__contains'),
        'gt' => '%1$s > %2$s',
        'lt' => '%1$s < %2$s',
        'isnull' => '%1$s IS NULL',
        'like' => '%1$s LIKE %2$s',
        'in' => array('self', '__in'),
    );

    function __contains($a, $b) {
        # {%a} like %{$b}%
        return sprintf('%s LIKE %s', $a, $this->input("%$b%"));
    }

    function __in($a, $b) {
        if (is_array($b)) {
            $vals = array_map(array($this, 'input'), $b);
            $b = implode(', ', $vals);
        }
        else {
            $b = $this->input($b);
        }
        return sprintf('%s IN %s', $a, $b);
    }

    function compileJoin($tip, $model, $alias, $info) {
        $constraints = array();
        $join = ' JOIN ';
        if (isset($info['null']) && $info['null'])
            $join = ' LEFT'.$join;
        if (isset($this->joins[$tip]))
            $table = $this->joins[$tip]['alias'];
        else
            $table = $this->quote($model::$meta['table']);
        foreach ($info['constraint'] as $local => $foreign) {
            list($rmodel, $right) = explode('.', $foreign);
            // TODO: Support a constant constraint
            $constraints[] = sprintf("%s.%s = %s.%s",
                $table, $this->quote($local), $alias,
                $this->quote($right)
            );
        }
        return $join.$this->quote($rmodel::$meta['table'])
            .' '.$alias.' ON ('.implode(' AND ', $constraints).')';
    }

    function input($what) {
        if ($what instanceof QuerySet) {
            $q = $what->getQuery(array('nosort'=>true));
            $this->params += $q->params;
            return '(' . (string)$q . ')';
        }
        else {
            $this->params[] = $what;
            return '?';
        }
    }

    function quote($what) {
        return "`$what`";
    }

    function compileCount($queryset) {
        $model = $queryset->model;
        $table = $model::$meta['table'];
        $where_pos = array();
        $where_neg = array();
        $joins = array();
        foreach ($queryset->constraints as $where) {
            $where_pos[] = $this->compileWhere($where, $model);
        }
        foreach ($queryset->exclusions as $where) {
            $where_neg[] = $this->compileWhere($where, $model);
        }

        $where = '';
        if ($where_pos || $where_neg) {
            $where = ' WHERE '.implode(' AND ', $where_pos)
                .implode(' AND NOT ', $where_neg);
        }
        $joins = $this->getJoins();
        $sql = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM '.$this->quote($table).$joins.$where;
        $exec = new MysqlExecutor($sql, $this->params);
        $row = $exec->getArray();
        return $row['count'];
    }

    function compileSelect($queryset) {
        $model = $queryset->model;
        $where_pos = array();
        $where_neg = array();
        $joins = array();
        foreach ($queryset->constraints as $where) {
            $where_pos[] = $this->compileWhere($where, $model);
        }
        foreach ($queryset->exclusions as $where) {
            $where_neg[] = $this->compileWhere($where, $model);
        }

        $where = '';
        if ($where_pos || $where_neg) {
            $where = ' WHERE '.implode(' AND ', $where_pos)
                .implode(' AND NOT ', $where_neg);
        }

        $sort = '';
        if ($queryset->ordering && !isset($this->options['nosort'])) {
            $orders = array();
            foreach ($queryset->ordering as $sort) {
                $dir = 'ASC';
                if (substr($sort, 0, 1) == '-') {
                    $dir = 'DESC';
                    $sort = substr($sort, 1);
                }
                list($field) = $this->getField($sort, $model);
                $orders[] = $field.' '.$dir;
            }
            $sort = ' ORDER BY '.implode(', ', $orders);
        }

        // Include related tables
        $fields = array();
        $table = $model::$meta['table'];
        if ($queryset->related) {
            $fields = array($this->quote($table).'.*');
            foreach ($queryset->related as $rel) {
                // XXX: This is ugly
                list($t) = $this->getField($rel, $model,
                    array('table'=>true));
                $fields[] = $t.'.*';
            }
        // Support only retrieving a list of values rather than a model
        } elseif ($queryset->values) {
            foreach ($queryset->values as $v) {
                list($fields[]) = $this->getField($v, $model);
            }
        } else {
            $fields[] = $this->quote($table).'.*';
        }

        $joins = $this->getJoins();
        $sql = 'SELECT '.implode(', ', $fields).' FROM '
            .$this->quote($table).$joins.$where.$sort;
        if ($queryset->limit)
            $sql .= ' LIMIT '.$queryset->limit;
        if ($queryset->offset)
            $sql .= ' OFFSET '.$queryset->offset;

        return new MysqlExecutor($sql, $this->params);
    }

    function compileUpdate() {
    }

    function compileInsert() {
    }

    function compileDelete() {
    }

    // Returns meta data about the table used to build queries
    function inspectTable($table) {
    }
}

class MysqlExecutor {

    var $stmt;
    var $fields = array();

    var $sql;
    var $params;

    function __construct($sql, $params) {
        $this->sql = $sql;
        $this->params = $params;
    }

    function _prepare() {
        if (!($this->stmt = db_prepare($this->sql)))
            throw new Exception('Unable to prepare query: '.db_error()
                .' '.$this->sql);
        if (count($this->params))
            $this->_bind($this->params);
        $this->stmt->execute();
        $this->_setup_output();
        $this->stmt->store_result();
    }

    function _bind($params) {
        if (count($params) != $this->stmt->param_count)
            throw new Exception('Parameter count does not match query');

        $types = '';
        $ps = array();
        foreach ($params as &$p) {
            if (is_int($p))
                $types .= 'i';
            elseif (is_string($p))
                $types .= 's';
            // TODO: Emit error if param is null
            $ps[] = &$p;
        }
        unset($p);
        array_unshift($ps, $types);
        call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt,'bind_param'), $ps);
    }

    function _setup_output() {
        $meta = $this->stmt->result_metadata();
        while ($f = $meta->fetch_field())
            $this->fields[] = $f;
    }

    // Iterator interface
    function rewind() {
        if (!isset($this->stmt))
            $this->_prepare();
        $this->stmt->data_seek(0);
    }

    function next() {
        $status = $this->stmt->fetch();
        if ($status === false)
            throw new Exception($this->stmt->error_list . db_error());
        elseif ($status === null) {
            $this->close();
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function getArray() {
        $output = array();
        $variables = array();

        if (!isset($this->stmt))
            $this->_prepare();

        foreach ($this->fields as $f)
            $variables[] = &$output[$f->name]; // pass by reference

        call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt, 'bind_result'), $variables);
        if (!$this->next())
            return false;
        return $output;
    }

    function getRow() {
        $output = array();
        $variables = array();

        if (!isset($this->stmt))
            $this->_prepare();

        foreach ($this->fields as $f)
            $variables[] = &$output[]; // pass by reference

        call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt, 'bind_result'), $variables);
        if (!$this->next())
            return false;
        return $output;
    }

    function getStruct() {
        $output = array();
        $variables = array();

        if (!isset($this->stmt))
            $this->_prepare();

        foreach ($this->fields as $f)
            $variables[] = &$output[$f->table][$f->name]; // pass by reference

        // TODO: Figure out what the table alias for the root model will be
        call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt, 'bind_result'), $variables);
        if (!$this->next())
            return false;
        return $output;
    }

    function close() {
        if (!$this->stmt)
            return;

        $this->stmt->close();
        $this->stmt = null;
    }

    function __toString() {
        return $this->sql;
    }
}
?>